Beginner English Lesson Plan: First Day of Class

Beginner English Lesson Plan: First Day of Class Note to teachers: With beginners, mime and movement are essential. Don’t worry if students cannot understand everything you say, speak slowly and use lots of body language to convey instructions. For beginners, understanding and conveying basic meaning is much more important than using perfect grammar. Encourage students to use any English they have available to get their point across. Remember, learning a language is not a linear process. Level: Beginner with some prior English Time: 1. 5 hours Materials: Bring some everyday objects to class (preferably one for each student) choose a few things from different categories, like clothing, food, and household items. Also bring paper and pens and pictures from home (if available). Objective: Review basic vocabulary and sentence structures, assess students’ skill levels and prior knowledge, and get to know your students on the first day. Activity 1: Introductions (5 minutes). As students enter the classroom walk around and say â€Å"hello. † Introduce yourself using the phrase â€Å"hi, my name is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and ask â€Å"what is your name? Try to elicit responses and make students feel at ease. Activity 2: Warm up circle toss (5 minutes). Form a standing circle and practice as a group, the phrases â€Å"hi my name is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"what’s your name? † If you have writing materials available, write the phrase and question in a place that all students can see it and use it as a reference. Then choose one of the objects that can be easily tossed around. Start the circle toss by saying the phrase, â€Å"hi, my name is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  then toss the object and ask â€Å"what is your name? Students must then mimic your example until everyone has had at least one turn. Activity 3: Vocabulary (10 minutes). Have students sit, but stay in a circle. Gather the objects that you have brought and show them to the students. Start by asking â€Å"what is this? † and see if anyone knows the answer. Hold one object up and repeat the name of the object slowly, using the phrase â€Å"this is a†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Pass the object to your left and ask â€Å"what is this? † The student to the left should respond with â€Å"this is a†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and then ask â€Å"what is this? † and pass it to the left.Continue this activity until all items have been passed around the circle. This may seem repetitive, but it is important that students are comfortable with the activities and feel successful, especially on the first day. If it seems too easy for the students you can make the game more challenging by having several items circulating at once or by asking students to close their eyes and see if they can recognize items by touch. Activity 4: Categories (15-20 minutes). Give each student one of the objects and have them find other students with objects of the same category.You can demonstrate this by showin g two like items and nodding your head then show two unlike items and shaking your head. Once students are organized into groups, try to elicit the name of their category such as â€Å"food†. Each group is then responsible for coming up with 5 other items that belong in their category and presenting those words to the other groups. Have students draw pictures or mime other items for their category, if they don’t know the English word encourage them to ask you â€Å"what is this in English? † and then give them the word, making sure that it is repeated by every member of the group.Once the groups are confident with the new words, have different students from each group teach their new words to the rest of the class. Ask one student to hold up a picture and ask â€Å"what is this? † If no one knows the answer then the student with the picture can drill the class, saying the word and having the other students repeat it back. Do this with each group until all the new words have been practiced. Note: If students seem very comfortable with the vocabulary, introduce new categories for each group before starting the activity and have students think of as many words as they can.Some suggestions are: Animals, Professions, Family Members, or Things You Like to Do. Activity 5: Get to know your neighbor (20 minutes). This activity is meant for you to better assess the skill levels in the class. For this activity you are the observer, only prompt students if they seem stuck. Take mental notes of the grammar structures and the vocabulary that they use. If some students are much stronger than others remember them, you can use them for demonstrations and have them help others. For this activity put students in pairs.Have them ask and answer simple questions about themselves and their partners, let them ask any questions they can. Students are to get to know something about their partner. Next, have them find new partners. Student A will tell the new partner something about student B and visa versa; then everyone swaps partners and repeats the activity. Choose one of the more confident students to demonstrate a dialogue. Any photos or props you have available would be useful for this exercise. Introduce yourself and ask the student to do the same.Ask a simple question that the student will probably know or that you can mime for meaning. For example â€Å"Do you like †¦? † and hold up one of the food items. You can mime â€Å"I like† and â€Å"I don’t like† if the student doesn’t understand. Then grab another student and say â€Å"This is Nola, she likes †¦ † Follow with â€Å"Do you like†¦? † Put Nola with the other student and have Nola ask the second student another question. For example â€Å"How old are you? † Demonstrate this a few times by guiding students to ask and answer question then switching them with other students.Emphasize that they can ask an y question. Once they get the idea. Give them 15 minutes to talk to as many students as they can. Walk around and listen to what students come up with, but don’t correct them. If a pair is totally lost then give them some questions and practice them with them, otherwise just observe. Activity 6: Wrap up (10 minutes). Have students stay in the pairs that they are in. Tell them to tell you something about their partner. Be encouraging and don’t insist on correct grammar as long as the basic structure is there, for example Nola might say â€Å"This is Sam, he like swimming. Instead of correcting the student, just repeat the phrase back using the correct grammar by saying something like, â€Å"oh, Sam likes swimming. I like swimming too. † If there are common mistakes among students you can use that as a focus for your next lesson. Ending the class: End the class by saying goodbye repeating the names of students and shaking their hands. Try to remember their names and something unique about them. For example, â€Å"it was nice to meet you Sam, have fun swimming. †

Analysis of banks’ performance

Generally considered as the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression, the Global Financial Crisis (SGF) was followed by the European sovereign debt crisis, which heavily affected most European nations in early 2010. This report will analyses the impact of the crisis on the performance and risk exposure of two major banks: Alpha Bank (ABA) and Deutsche Bank (DB).. Alpha Bank, the second largest Greece bank, locates in one of the five Euro-zone nations which suffered the most following the global crisis.At the same time, Deutsche Bank (DB) is a German bank which operates in both investment and commercial banking sectors. In particular, this report will study the asset and liability structure, the performance as well as the market and off-balance sheet risk. Also, the annual performance of 2008 to 2010 will be analyses in order to fully capture the impact of the financial crisis on these selected banks. 1. 1 Asset, Liability Structure and Risk Exposures 1. 1. Analysis of Lloy d Banking Group (LAG) Table 1: Capital Raising Activities (Liability Structure) Figure 1 Figure 2 The bank operates in both commercial and investment sections which contents in detail, wholesale, insurance and investment as its main business activities. Deposit is the main source of funding, given that the proportional ways remains above 50%during these 6 years. Generally speaking, Deposits are more reliable compare to other capital raising activities.Noticing that even during 2008 to 2010, the Deposits were lightly effect by SGF, which means retail deposits are less volatile and less sensitive to shocks. In addition, the bank was voted by Reader's Digest the most trusted bank of Britain in the 2008. LAG as a function of commercial bank, a large and versified customer base kept the bank safe during the SGF and European debt crisis. Wholesale is the second major part of their business. Figure 2 has shown that, Debt securities take around 20% during 2007 to 2012, which implies that, L AG raises not enough funds from deposits.However, wholesale is sensitive to changes in the market. As the wholesale depositors are able to transfer the fund if others bank provides better offer to them. LAG have to undertake higher withdraw risk. LAG introduced new pricing management of saving products from 2011 in order to minimize withdraw risk. The benefit for this new plan is increasing deposit balances and reducing the proportion of wholesale. Furthermore, because of LB is a diversified bank in British, insurance division is the third mainly activity for the bank to raise fund.However, insurance may exposures liquidity risk, if policyholder who is seeking to cash in their financial claims immediately or some unexceptional accident occurs, the bank has to get huge fund to pay for them. According to Lag's annual report, the liabilities of insurance remains around 13% from 2007 to 2012, which took up higher proportion of total liabilities. However, since the flood happened in late 2007 and therefore the bank had to pay the claims, the bank had a highest percentage of insurance liability compare to other 5 years.Besides, due to SGF and European debt crisis during 2009 to 2012, higher unemployment rates shrink the Auk's economy, the proportion of liability of insurance policy also affected. Finally, basing on the Figure 2 we can find that, derivative financial insurance only has small proportion in this structure, due to LAG is able to raise enough fund from deposit, wholesale and insurance sections. Table 2: Portfolio Asset Allocation (Asset Structure) Figure 3 As a largest commercial bank in K, the main source of investment of LAG is Loans, which take up over half proportion of its total asset.This type of assets was allocated to households, firms and public sectors. According the annual report of the bank, personal mortgages play an important role in loan. However, these assets are exposed to credit risk and default risk. Therefore, LB engages reverse repur chase agreements for collateralized loans in order to reduce risks. The second main source of investment of LAG is Trading and other financial Asset at fair value through profit or loss.Comparing to loans, debt securities are more sensitive and exposed to the credit risk. However, government and corporate securities are taking larger proportion in total Trading and other financial Asset at fair value through profit or loss. As these types of securities are more stable and reliable, this credit risk is mostly mitigated. 1. 1. 2 Analysts of BIN Paris (BIN) Table 3: Capital Raising Activities (Liability Structure) Figure 4 BIN Paris is a universal bank which participates in retail and investment sectors.According to the chart shown above, the main source of Buns capital raised by raiding derivative instruments in financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss from 2007 and took a Jumped up approximately 25% in 2008 due to Global Financial Crisis(SGF). Generally speaking, de rivatives trading are carrying higher risks than other class of liabilities, such as credit risk, market risk, currency risk and interest rate risk. Because they are sensitive to the market changes and lenders are less loyal to the bank, but respectively this source of funds can generate high returns to make the bank become profitable.However, the liability structure of BIN was not constantly unchanged. In the following next two years 2009 and 2010, the main component shifted to deposits due to SGF which brought an unfavorable economy recession all over the world. This strategy of the bank intended to reduce the risk exposures via decreasing trading of risky financial instruments and more relying on deposits to raise capital in order keep the bank in a safer base during the worse recession time.The capital raising structure changed back again from 2011, noticing that unlike 2007 and 2008, the proportions of deposits and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss beca me approximately close amounts. However, derivatives trading are still playing an important role in Buns capital raising activities. Another considerable segment of liability structure is debt securities, which mainly content in government bonds, given that the amounts of issued had been increased from Ð ²?157,mom to Ð ²?211 ,mom from 2008 to 2009.Due to the bank changed the major capital raising activity to deposits in 2009 and 2010, meanwhile it had increased issue in debt securities in order to raise more efficient funds. This behavior can be explained that the bank was worrying about only relied on deposits as not enough and trying to diversified risks via shifting liquidity risk (from deposits) to default and credit risk. Table 4: Portfolio Asset Allocation (Asset Structure) Figure 5 The main source of investment of BIN is financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, which accounted more than 50% of total assets through 2007 to 2008.Again, this type of assets mainly consists in trading of derivative instruments, repurchase agreements afterwards and other securities transactions. In practice, derivatives trading can generate higher returns but will carry more risks because they should eave to meet what the customers' needs and generally they are sensitive to the change of market. Therefore, the risk exposures not only content credit risk, but also put the bank faces interest rate risk and currency risk. L The second considerable segment of investment is loans which mainly comprised of loans to customers.Noticing that the amounts started increasing from 2009, which accounted up to 40% of total assets (compared to 2008 was only 25%), the portions are getting close to the main component, trading of financial assets. Throwing back to SGF and debt crisis, increased in loans and decreased in trading risky assets might be considered as a strategy for BIN to diversify its several risks as we mentioned previously but this time default risk would also be raised. However, derivatives trading are still playing an important role over these six years.In addition, available-for-sale financial assets have been significantly increased in 2009, the following year after SGF. It major contents bonds particularly in government bonds. The main reason could be government bonds are the safest investment way, however, default risk may be considered in this case. . 1. 3 Differences in asset, liability structure and risk exposure Comparing the asset and liability structure between LAG and BIN, the significant difference is the main source of the capital raising activities and asset allocations between these two banks are different.LAG is much more relying on customers' deposits, a safer way to raise funds which allows LAG has a reliable capital base and confident level to go through the SGF in 2008 also the European debt crisis in 2010. In contrast, BIN changed its capital raising structure twice from changing the portions between derivatives raidi ng to raise funds on deposits in response to the impacts of SGF and debt crisis. Additionally, the core functions of these two banks are different.LAG is focusing on customers' deposits and making loans to them. However, BIN is much more concentrating on derivatives trading in both asset and liability parts (even though it shifted the main component of capital raising activity from financial liabilities to deposits between 2009 and 2010 but derivatives transactions still played an important role during those two years. ) Overall, BIN is much more sensitive to the economy and surely it carries more risks than LAG. . 1. Impacts of SGF and Debt Crisis on Asset and Liability Structure Lloyd Banking Group (LAG) For the asset structure, due to the financial hardships that many households and businesses are experiencing, as a result of the recent economic decline in the UK. LAG committed to help customers in these challenging times, which reflective of our relationship-based approach. In R etail segment, we maintained strong level of mortgage lending to new lending, and helped thousands of customers to buy new homes. As shown in the diagram above, we can see that the total asset has increased room IEEE,mom to El ,027,mom in two years' time.An increasing of 57. 55% reflects that with a 61. 25% increase in loans and advances to customers. There are strong levels of customer lending growth in commercial banks, corporate markets and mortgages. For the Liability side, the percentage of total liability has greater changed in 2009, which given that increased up to 56. 64%. After the SGF, the total liabilities still stand at a higher level in the following years as long as the European debt crisis occurred in 2010. Deposit, debt securities in issue and the liabilities of insurance are he three main components be affected.As LAG is the largest bank in I-J, it provides more confident for their customers. Even The bank experienced SGF and European debt crisis, deposit still brin g positive effect for the group. Compare 2008 to sass's deposits can be found that, there is 51. 46% shapely increasing during 2008-2009, due to more customers lose confident for others investment companies, also getting less people put the money for investment during such weaken economic period. That is the reason explains that why does deposit continuously grow during this period as en of the good reputation banks in British.Table 5 Besides, according to the table shown above, the issue of debt securities have greater increased due to the medium term notes issues changed, which implies that even LAG has sufficient fund to overcome the challenge during SGF, but they still restrained funds through issuing medium term notes in order to provide more fund to help their customers, Furthermore, the higher unemployment rate in UK due to SGF and European debt crisis, more people were getting to claim their insurance compensations, therefore the liability of insurance policy had also been a ffected.According to the balance sheet has shown, the liability of insurance policy has 60. 8% increased from 2008 to 2009. Also from 2009 to 2012, the liability of insurance still maintain in higher level. Overall, as LAG is reliable and stable bank in I-J, the main structure of asset and liability did not changed by the Crisis. BIN Paris (BIN) In regards of Buns capital raising structure had been changed twice during 2007 to 2012. The first change was in the year after 2008 SGF, the bank shifted its major capital raising activity from trading on derivatives (financial liabilities at fair value wrought profit or loss) to deposits.Considering the increased in trading financial instruments, which was the core activity to raise both total liabilities and total assets to history high respectively Ð ²?2,016,mom and Ð ²?2,075,mom in 2008. It leaded the bank with higher risk exposures as well as the leverage level had been increased due to derivatives trading is sensitive to the market and risky. Therefore the bank changed the major component of liability structure to deposits in 2009 in order to reduce risking tried to keep the bank in a safer base during the worse recession time.At the meantime, the bank increased issue in debt securities that attempted to raise more efficient funds in case of relying on deposits was not enough. In 2011 after the European debt crisis, the bank changed its core capital raising activity back to trading on financial instruments again. As an investment bank is a function of BIN Paris, the second changed of its capital structure indicated that the bank already passed the hard time and everything went back on the right track. The major component of the asset structure was financial assets at fair value through profit or loss from 2007 to 2012.In 2009 it had been decreased from 60% to 40%,but the bank increased the portions loaned to Global Financial Crisis,and this class of asset kept stable in the next following 3 years. However, tra ding on derivatives is still playing an important role overall. In addition, according to the increase in issue of debt securities especially in bonds had been increased in its liability structure, therefore, the available-for-sale financial assets had a greater Jumped up during the same year and gradually went down later on. Overall, the impacts of SGF on BIN were far worse than the European debt crisis. 2 PERFORMANCE Analysts 1. 2. 1 Return on Equity (ROE) Definition: See footnoted Figure 6 According to the chart, the ROE of LAG deceased seriously from 2007. In 2010 to 2012, it appeared a little recovering signal but still showing a declining pattern over these six years. During 2007 to 2008 both of the net income and total equity were decreased slightly, therefore, ROE decreased. However, even though the net income only had a little increased in 2009, but due to the total equity greatly Jumped up, the ROE decreased further. After 2010, ROE already deceased to history low given at 5. 4%, because of the negative net income as well as the total equity still stayed at higher level. The falling net income was primary to fewer increased in total operating income but greater increased in the impairment cost. The main reason could be the bank need to increase impairment cost to recover credit risk during SGF and European debt crisis. On the other hand, the size of total equity getting larger, this fact implied that, LAG was seeking more capital fund its financial activities in order to go through the poor economic period.Therefore, the ratio shown the bank experienced unfavorable profitability during those two recession periods Regarding to BIN Paris, the Return on Equity ratio dramatically decreased from 19. 6% to 6. 6% in 2008. It gradually recovered back in the next following years after SGF but it slightly dropped gain after the 2010 European debt crisis. Due to the banks main source of finance is making money via trading derivatives, this pattern of changing e xactly responds to the market conditions due to financial and debt crisis, also explains that the bank is very sensitive to the market.However, compare to the regenerates drop off in SGF, the impact of debt crisis was not significant through looking at the chart. Compare these two patterns of ROE; LAG is showing a declining figure which indicates that the bank had a deeper impact by the financial and the debt crisis. On the other hand, the effect on BIN was significant only shown at the SGF period, therefore, BIN seems to has a better performance overall. 1. 2. RETURN ON ASSET (ROAR) Definition: see footnoted Figure 7 In term of Lab's performance can be shown that, the greater decline in ROAR consists in declining of net income and total assets. The central bank cut the interest rate again and again in this recession period that encouraged more people to borrow money from bank to fund their mortgages or businesses. According to the balance sheet, the total assets sharply increased f rom IEEE,mom to El ,027,mom in 2008 to 2009, and then kept staying at a higher level in the following years.However, as we have analyses in the ROE part, net income decreased dramatically to negative percentages, due to total operating income did not change as lower interest rate, but the impairment cost has greater increasing in order to recover the credit risk. As a result, the net income becomes negative. Similarly, ROAR was deceasing dramatically during 2009-2011. According to the ROAR ratios of BIN, it has shown a similar pattern of trend as ROE. The ROAR sharply dropped 0. 32% in 2008 and recovered back in the next two years but slightly went down after the debt crisis.Considering that the net income of BIN in 2008 was incredibly dropped down over 60% from Ð ²?8,311 millions to Ð ²?3,millions. No matter how the total assets had a greater increased in the same year, the fluctuation of net income was the most important reason determinate the hanged in ROAR. Again, due to the b ank is sensitive to the change of market parameters, we can clearly see that the worse market condition due to SGF brought a negative impact to the bank and it was far more worse than the time during the European debt crisis.In conclusion, both of two banks were decreasing in ROAR during the weak economic period in 2008. The main reason was both of them had greater increased in total asset but the net income stayed at a relatively lower level. In the following years, BIN started to recover back and maintained in a stable level, UT LAG was continuously decreasing to negative due to total asset was maintain in higher level in debt crisis period. 1. 2. PROFIT MARGIN (PM) Definition: see footnoted Figure 8 According to the graph above, LAG had strong profitability in 2007 but it declined to 22. 43% due to SGF then slightly recovered in 2009. However, as the European debt crisis developed in late 2009, the PM continuing dropped out to the lowest, shown at -59. 62% in 2011. The reason is during this weaken economic period, interest and similar income decreasing as lower interest rate, and impairment increasing. This unfavorable decreasing during debt crisis period implies that LAG undertake loss.While the PM drives the ROAR to decline in this period. The European debt crisis shrink the bank much more than during the SGF. Comparing to LAG, BIN Paris keeps its ability steady to pay expenses and generates stable net income from 2007 – 2012. According to the main capital raising activity of BIN is trading on derivatives and other financial instruments, even though the amounts of financial liabilities and assets at fair value through profit or loss were Jumped up during the year of SGF 2008.However, the net income and total operating income were historically low through 2007 to 2012, the main reason was due to both the net gains on trading financial instruments and on available-for-sale financial assets had been dramatically decreased, respectively from Ð ²?7,mom to Ð ²?2,mom and Ð ²?2,mom to Ð ²?mom, which means, even though the trading went up, but net gains were limited by the worst market condition during Global Financial Crisis. Overall, BIN is good at controlling on its expenses and net income generation compare to the performance of LAG. . 2. 4 ASSET UTILIZATION (AU) Definition: see footnoted Figure 9 The AU ratio of LAG fluctuated seriously from 2007 to 2012. Due to given the negative impact of SGF, the AU dropped continuously to 0. 71% in 2009. As we mentioned previously, the central bank cut the interest rate to encourage people to take loan from the bank. Therefore, the total asset stayed at a higher level from 2009 to 2012. However, according to low interest rate and also some of customers were default to pay back, the total operating income did not change much.From 2009 to 2010, AU starts to recover to higher level. Unfortunately, the AU decreased sharply again from . 17% to 0. 47% due to the European debt crisis. The AU sti ll maintained at lower level during 2010 to 2012, because the pound was depreciated in this weak economic period, LAG faced loss in their oversea investment property and securities, consequently, the total operating income decreased to about E,mom during the debt crisis. LAG provided a declining pattern over 2007 to 2012, but again, the impact of debt crisis to the bank was greater than the impact of SGF.In term of Buns AU, it had been dropped down to 0. 46% in regards to the history low total operating income, given only Ð ²?3,mom in 2008. It recovered quickly afterwards and went back to 0. 63% in 2010. The AU ratio fluctuated by the European debt crisis again in later 2011 and 2012, however, as we mentioned above in the PM part, the Global Financial Crisis affected the bank much more than the effect on debt crisis. Comparing LAG and Buns All's, both of them had greater effects by SGF but the impact of debt crisis was not significant on BIN. . 2. 5 EQUITY MULTIPLIER (ME) Definitio n: see footnoted Figure 10 In term of Lag's ME, The figure increased nearly half of ME from 28. 4 to 44. 96 in 2008. The higher ME indicated that LAG used more debt to finance its assets which in turn increased the leverage level and risk exposure during SGF 2008. In order to reduce its leverage level, ME quickly dropped down to 23. 29 in 2009 even lower than in 2007 and gradually went down in the following years, noticed that the ME only shown at 20. 69 in 2012.As LAG is one of the reliable and stable banks in British, even though they experienced SGF and European debt crisis, they are able to recover quickly. Regarding to the ME of BIN, it had been increased to 35. In 2008 but had a greater decreased of 10 in the following year and still gradually went down in continuous years. Considering BIN changed its liability structure twice respectively in 2009 and 2011, in which shifted the major capital raising activity between derivatives trading and deposits.BIN attempted the first chan ge in order to minimize the risks and reduce the leverage level due to the high ME in the previous year. In 2011, after the European debt crisis, the bank again changed its major capital raising activity back to trading on financial instruments instead of relying on posits. This change had been reduced its ME ratio continuously which given that only around 20 in 2012 (the lowest from 2007 to 2012) It explains that BIN is good at controlling its leverage level and managing risks very well via adjusting the Banks structure. In conclusion, LAG and BIN have similar performance from 2007 to 2012.The ME of these two banks both had a greater Jump up in 2008 and respectively increased their risk exposures and the leverage ratios. However, the EMUS dropped quickly in later years due to both banks managed the risk via reduce their debt to enhance its assets or maintaining capital structure in order to reduce risks and leverage level. 1. 2. 6 Market Indicators Share Prices LAG Regarding LAG, t he share price stays at EYE per share in 2007 to late 2008. However, due to the SGF happen at the end of 2008, the share price decreasing dramatically to around E per shares.Furthermore, the European debt crisis also happen flow the SGF, the share price decreasing further around E per share. Base on the data shows that, over these six years, the share price of LAG is decreasing around 89. 1 BIN The highest share price of BIN Paris was up to Ð ²?94. 7 per share during mid-2007, it collapsed in later 2008 and down to history low Ð ²?21. 39 per share in early 2009. However, the share price went back on track quickly in the same year, given that volatile at the range around Ð ²?50 per share until mid-2011.According to the share price pattern of BIN, the impact of SGF on the share price was dramatically huge, but the bank effectively reacted on the massive change of market, it adjusted its capital structure in 2009, such as reduced the risk exposure via decreasing the risky derivative s trading and relying more on deposits, meanwhile increased the issue of bet securities particularly in bonds, which indicated to generate more efficient cash flows in case of the deposits was not enough to rely on. Project 2 2. 2 Market Risk 2. . 1 Introduction of market risk Market risk is defined as a risk for those investors to experience economic losses of value from the affected market performances, whether it's treatable or not. It is the risk that cannot be diversified. Some of risk factors could be observed, such as interest rates, exchange rates; there are also some factors may not be observed such as correlations which are based on statistical analysis. It includes interest rate risks, currency risks, and equity risks, see footnotes.

Sammuri Argumentative Essay

Samurais Argumentative essay Samurais were a vital part of Japanese culture and should have been allowed to continue. Although there were dangerous aspects of this tradition, it was also a large part of Japanese culture. As time passed, their existence had gradually lessened, resulting in their loss. Although the Samurai ways are no longer practiced, they have left a legacy that keeps on affecting the lives of people in Japan today. The traditions of the samurai still have an influence on the lives of the Japanese people.Whether it is through the martial arts, the peaceful arts, or their beliefs, the samurai continue to influence life to this day. The Samurai’s ethics are major in Japanese society as well as business; the idea of Bushido exists in society today as the Japanese business ethics illustrate honor and duty to Japan. To be a Samurai was a huge honor and it took an abundance of training and extensive hours of practice. Samurais had to be completely dedicated to their lifestyle; they repeated their schedule day after day: wake up in the Samurai village, meditation, hours of training, dinner, and sleep.Their routine was very rigorous however; it was compensated when they went into battle. Samurais were an elite group of warriors who were very skilled in battle and killing. Many may say that the Samurais were very violent and provocative group, however, the Samurais were always on the defensive. Though the entire movie, the Samurais never picked the fight, it was always the Americans- or in any case, it was never the Samurais who were picking the fights. The Samurais’ code of honor, Bushido, was much like a knights’ code of honor, chivalry; the only difference was â€Å"seppuku†.Seppuku was the traditional suicide after a battle was lost. The leader of the losing team was to commit suicide by carving a figure 8 into his abdomen because he shouldn’t live with the shame of losing a battle. If the man could not complete th e figure 8, the leader of the opposing side would cut off the loser’s head. This was all part of honor; however, many people saw it as barbaric and couldn’t understand this ritual. The Samurai were trained warriors and their job was to kill predators so any way they are viewed; they were still violent peoples so in a way it was a good thing that the tradition was discontinued.The weapons the Samurais used were swords, bow and arrows, and a spear; no fire arms. In the movie, The Last Samurai, it was said that the â€Å"sword is part of the soul†. The Japanese took this very seriously; training took up most of a warriors’ day. The samurai rose to power out of the constant fight for land in feudal Japan. They became experts at fighting from horseback and on the ground. They trained in armed and unarmed combat. They wore many layers of armor and used only the sword passed down from previous generations.As mentioned previously, the Samurai were trained warrior s and their job was to kill predators so in a way it was a good thing that the tradition was discontinued. However, much like the Samurai, soldiers fighting the war today are much more aggressive than the Samurai and they are armed with much more lethal weapons than a sword. Others may view this as hypocritical that the centuries long tradition was put to an end yet we continue to fight and kill to get what we need; we aren’t even fighting to protect our people like the Samurais were, we are fighting for something that we want.

SWOT Analysis of Business Plan for the Education Website Assignment

SWOT Analysis of Business Plan for the Education Website - Assignment Example This paper discusses about an Educational Website Business Plan as a business venture as available on the site: http://www.bplans.com/educational_website_business_plan/executive_summary_fc.php Details of the Business Plan under Consideration The Education Website Business is basically to educate people as to why they should use environmentally products that can sustain living on this earth. Due to rapid industrialization and growth of population, there has been a grave threat to our environment. Rapid climate changes such as floods, cyclones, or scanty rain falls throughout the world have threatened our living on this planet. A time has come to educate the people on this very sensitive matter and earn the living adopting eco friendly measures. The purpose of the website is to guide and educate people that with a little change in their living style and consumption habits they can make huge difference. The revenue comes in the form of commission received on selling products that can su stain life and do not harm our environment. As such, it does not require stocking or maintaining any inventory of products. Thus, plan is to keep expenses at the least and without involvement of any variable cost. A small Fixed expenses will be toward maintaining a website and very little will be spent on other small requirements. To make profit from the first year is not a sole aim; however, equally it has been kept in mind that business does not have negative cash flows. SWOT analysis will be crucial to understand the viability of this business plan. Strengths of the Plan This is a unique business plan and their lies its strength compared with any conventional business plan. The advantage is that it does not need huge financial resources for any machinery or equipment; neither any hard core marketing is required. This being a novel concept does not pose any threat in terms of real competition. The company has tied with several manufacturers who themselves, in turn, are staunch sup porters of eco friendly products. They produce and sell only those products which replace existing non biodegradable products such as plastics and bio fuels. Marketing means efforts required in popularizing the web site and that is done through link building and SEO techniques requiring minimal expense. Break even and financial ratio analysis indicates that business plan can take off without long gestation period. The business plan for an educative website like this is to provide the information to the people that are in search of environmentally friendly products. Ever since the awareness among people has increased, the market has also expanded many folds for such products. Currently, there are hundreds of businesses that exclusively manufacture such products. Since this is purely an education site, there is no need to create any distribution strategies; neither there is any need to keep any inventories on any of the product. People just visit the site, place their orders and make the payments. Orders are then diverted to the respective manufacturers deducting applicable discounts or commissions for delivery to the buyer. There is no need of any highly trained person for running this business and that is also strength of this business plan. Weaknesses The major weakness in the business plan is that it does not speak clearly how educative content will be developed in the beginning. In fact, it will require intense efforts either through search optimization techniques (SEO) or link building or through other techniques such as educative articles or schemes for environmental cause for making the buyers to visit this site. Great efforts will be needed to generate unique and educative

The California Center for Land and Water Stewardship Article

The California Center for Land and Water Stewardship - Article Example The need for conservation and land planning is especially necessary for Southern California’s desert-like conditions. The first goal is â€Å"Seek out opportunities and grant funding for projects relating to land and water conservation, stewardship, planning, and design in California†. This goal makes sense. It is also essential this goal is first. Funding for CCLAWS is necessary for the project to work. CCLAWS finds funding from contracted projects, grants, consultant and consultation coordination of a CPP Clearinghouse, professional education, workshops and certifications, development and private support activities, database clearinghouse and community information resources, community workshops and education. These funding sources will help fund projects regarding land and water conservation, stewardship, planning, and design. This type of fundraising makes the outlook for this organization good. The second goal is â€Å"Support the work of, and increase collaboration between, academic departments and units, private organizations, and public agencies with goals similar to those of the Center without duplicating efforts†. This goal also makes sense. If goals and projects are doubled than resources will be wasted. Individual projects can receive enough funding without inefficient waste. There is too much waste today in funding projects. A lack of communication is one of the main reasons. If all parties will communicate, then unnecessary funding of projects already funded. The last goal states â€Å"Through education, outreach, and advocacy encourage respect for Southern California’s rivers, railways, open space, and nature from multiple perspectives and foster sustainability by balancing natural, social, and economic systems†. It is easier to fund campaigns that educate the public on the damage littering can do, then fund a project to clean up a polluted river or park.

Interpersonal Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Interpersonal Intelligence - Essay Example They easily empathize with other people, sensitive to their emotions and moods and understand them well. Social gatherings are greatly enjoyed by them. This explains why they have many friends and they like engaging in team sports (Personality Max, n.d.). Cherry went on to say that because of these characteristics, people with a high interpersonal intelligence will be successful in the fields of psychology, philosophy, guidance counseling, sales or politics (n.d.). Most religious leaders, nurses, therapists, community organizers, teachers and mediators are people with interpersonal intelligence. One can learn to develop his interpersonal intelligence by participating in community organizations, taking a leadership role in group activities, taking up a team sport or informally tutoring other people. Enhancing one’s listening and communication skills are also essential to develop interpersonal intelligence. Cherry, K. (n.d.). Gardners theory of multiple intelligences. Retrieved January 10, 2012, from psychology.about.com Web site:

Leadership factories case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leadership factories case - Assignment Example Workers of such companies attain much training and job experience, which develops them into suitable managers and future CEOs. It is clear that the composition of employees or workforce is an important factor with regard to possibility of a firm producing future CEOS. People are born leaders; therefore, those who are not natural leaders tend to stay at the same place for a long time. As an individual, I could not do that! Their own rules and beliefs about how work should be done come in their way and they end up not having much fun. In the end, they notice that they could not develop enough patterns and rules to keep them going. These differences would not alter or change my decision. My take is that they should be honest with all parties. If a company gives an offer, I will be very much interested in the offer but also I will need some time to think about it as I have been communicating with other companies. With the two companies, that I think will make the offer but I have not said I got another offer. These companies will assume that I have been out of work for almost five months and he was to belief that I got another job offer. I am not that fool. So they will inquire to know what company and its whereabouts. The data gathered about leadership effectiveness has proved to be amazing and does not give value to leader’s selection. It does not hold water to the findings of others. This data concentrated on followers rather leaders of the companies

The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 9

The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy - Essay Example the United States was in no way susceptible, but it had the task of defending its partners as well as bring to a stop the development of nuclear armaments (Ambrose, 1989). President Nixon had the same ideas and he based his goals in ensuring world peace is maintained. After his election into office, there was an increase from American citizens for American troops to be sent back home from foreign missions. Nixon promised American citizens that he will support American allies with resources but not man power. However, the process was delayed as protests became a daily scene in the streets on the United States. In providing a specific case scenario, the number of American troops who died in Vietnam reached 500, 000 (Dallek, 2007). This made citizens even more irritated by Nixon’s regime. Nixon however, launched vietnamisation which was a strategy to pull out American troops in the region, help build a Vietnamese military squad and provide them with weapons and financial resources. He succeeded in this particular quest as he was applauded for successfully ensuring peace in Vietnam and getting American troops back home. Nixon took over American during a time when the nations had a lot of enemies in terms of diplomatic relations. However, the nations also had significant allies Nixon was keen to retain (Ambrose, 1989). On many occasions involving warfare, Nixon was forced to use diplomatic efforts to be able to come up with lasting solutions. For instance, during the invasion of Arab countries in Israel, Nixon realized the significance of having good diplomatic relationships with the Arab countries (Dallek, 2007). Nixon was able to negotiate with Egypt and he convinced them to pull out in the war against Israel. Additionally, Nixon also used diplomatic efforts to solve the China-Pakistan war. In this occasion, Pakistan is an American ally and China a great ally to the Soviet. According to Parmet (1990) the diplomatic relationship between the Soviet and the United

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Marketing - Assignment Example Most of the products fail because of unattractive features, exceptional high price, wrong segmentation, positioning, targeting, inappropriate promotional strategies, lack of top management support, lack of relevance in the market etc. Whereas main reasons behind the success of a product include excellent product features, value for money, proper marketing strategies, full support from top management etc. There are number of stages involved in the development of a new product. These are idea generation, idea Screening, concept development and testing, marketing strategy and financial analysis, product development, test marketing, commercialization. Each of these stages is discussed below. The entire process of new product development starts from idea generation stage. New ideas might be generated from companys internal employees, customers, suppliers, distributors and even from competitors. In this stage concept of the chosen idea is developed and it is tested in the sample customers. Any further modification in the product features are done on the basis of the responses from these customers. Marketing strategies would include strategies on 4 Ps (product, price, place and promotion), segmentation, targeting, positioning and sales. Financial analysis would involve analysis of total cost of production, sales, and distribution. Financial analysis would also involve the analysis of required profit margin based on which the price will be

Understanding Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Understanding Statistics - Essay Example Understanding Statistics The ordinal scales provide no evident variation amongst the variables. This scale only evaluates the order of the values. The ordinal scales measure the concepts that are not numeric such as fulfillment, jovialness and discomfort among others. In any analysis, an individual can elucidate that number four is better than number three though the extent is not clear again, it is not easy to determine the variation between ok and happy. The interval scales encompass numeric scales that besides providing the order, they also provide the accurate differences between the variables in question. A standard example is the Celsius temperature such as the disparity between 30 and 40 degrees is 10 degrees. Time can also provide precise variations where the disparity between six and four minutes is two minutes. Ratio scales are essential in statistical evaluations to its flexibility for alterations seeking accuracy. The ratio scale can be multiplied, added, divided or subtracted and the central ten dency measures estimated. A discrete variable involves well determined set of predetermined set of probable values-states. The variables include the provision that is either â€Å"true† or †false†, the team that will win and the number of dime in a pouch amongst others. Nonetheless, the variables might appear to be discrete at one point and continuous at a different perspective. The continuous variable opts to take on a position between two extreme positions or values. Continuous variables encompass the indoor temperature, direction travelled or the water used. The discrete variable tends to depict a digital quantity whilst the continuous variable tends to be analog in quantity. According to the explanations provided on the above scales, the different statistical research studies can select any of the according to suitability for application. The continuous and the discrete variables have significance on the selection of the research methodologies to use since the experimental method would be appropriate with discrete data whilst the researches dealing with conventional aspects might find it appropriate to employ continuous variables in the research activity. The area under the normal distribution is proportional to the overall area. The total area covered in the normal curve is equivalent to one. The curves never attain the situation Y = 0 but move to the positive infinity and the negative infinity. The shape assumed by the normal curve is infinite and depends on the mean and the standard deviation. The z-score is a critical tool in data evaluation and is used to determine the extent to which a point x is high or below the population mean ?. It is the providence of the T-statistic with predetermined mean and the standard deviation. In case of interference with the degree of freedom to an extent of assuming population mean and the standard deviation from the availed sample, then it fails to be T-statistic. The percentile rank of a normally d istributed population can be estimated readily through the use of z- scores. In the e vent that the area under a curve is apportioned above and below the mean, the partitions obtained are the similar to the probability picking a value in the similar range. For instance, the area between the standard deviation above and below t

Problem solving Essay Example for Free

Problem solving Essay Introduction This case is about a sales supervisor, Debbie’s Ronson, having a group meeting with the sales department. The meeting was held to discuss two things, one last week’s performance, and two Debbie handed out a memo outlining a new format for scheduling their calls. At the end of the meeting Debbie discussed the meeting to one of her fellow supervisors, saying she gives them a chance to talk in the meetings but there is never a response. Debbie believes they are either shy or disinterested in her meetings. Statement of Problem. In this case Debbie, the sales supervisor, held a meeting for the four basic meeting purposes, give information, exchange information, find facts and solve problems (296-297) using the leader-controlled approach(p. 297). During the first half of the meeting Debbie discussed last week’s performance. After discussing it she asked if there were any questions, no response. The second half of the meeting Debbie discussed the new schedule for calls, once again no response no ideas. The overall problem Debbie is having is the non-responsiveness from her sales department during meetings. Solution There are a few ways as to how Debbie can fix this problem. One she can take a second and see if this meeting is actually necessary to have asking herself â€Å"why are we here? † and having a clear purpose which is also enabling other pre meeting plans to be developed to support the purpose of the meeting p301. Two Debbie could, clarify her expectations of the meeting (p304). At the beginning of the meeting Debbie can explain why this meeting was called for and that she is expecting to give information as well as hearing feedback from the group. 1. What might be some reasons for participants not saying much at Debbie’s meetings? Her department members could feel as though the meeting is pointless and would like to get back to their jobs, that to the department members, their job is more important. 2. Assume that you are a facilitation consultant. What advice would you give Debbie for encouraging participation in future meetings? If I was a facilitation consultant I would suggest Debbie to make sure she is prepared, that she is asking the right questions during the meeting.

Partnership and Its Types Essay Example for Free

Partnership and Its Types Essay A partnership arises whenever two or more people co-own a business, and share in the profits and losses of the business. Each person contributes something to the business such as ideas, money, or property though management rights and personal liability will vary. In Pakistan the partnership firms are registered under the partnership act 1932 which defines the partnership as â€Å"The relation between persons who have agreed to share the profits of a business carried on by all or any of them acting for all† There should be at least two or maximum twenty partners in a firm with the exception of banking where maximum of ten partners could make the partnership A partnership may be registered with the Registrar of Firms of an area where the office of the firm is situated or proposed to be situated. A statement in prescribed form must be delivered to the relevant Registrar stating: †¢Firm name †¢Place or principal place of business of the firm †¢Names of any other places where the firm carries on business †¢Date when each partner joined the firm †¢Names in full and permanent addresses of the partners †¢Duration of the firm †¢Foretasted statement signed and verified by each partner Types of partners Active or working partner: Such a partner contributes capital and also takes active part in the management of the firm. He bears an unlimited liability for the firms debts. He is known to outsiders. He shares profits of the firm. He is a full-fledged partner. 2. Sleeping or dormant partner: A sleeping or inactive partner simply contributes capital. He does not take active part in the management of the firm. He shares in the profits or losses of the firm. His liability for the firms debts is unlimited. He is not known to the outside world. 3. Secret partner: This type of partner contributes capital and takes active part in the management of the firms business. He shares in the profits and losses of firm and his liability is unlimited. However, his connection with the firm is not known to the outside world. 4. Limited partner: The liability of such a partner is limited to the extent of his share in the capital and profits of the firm. He is not entitled to take active part in the management of the firms business. The firm is not dissolved in the event of his death, lunacy or bankruptcy. 5. Partner in profits only: He shares in the profits of the firm but not in the losses. But his liability for the firms debts is unlimited. He is not allowed to take part in the management of the firm. Such a partner is associated for his money and goodwill. 6. Nominal: Such a partner neither contributes capital nor takes part in the management of business. He does not share in the profits or losses of the firm. He only lends his name and reputation for the benefit of the firm. He represents himself or knowingly allows himself to be represented as a partner. He becomes liable to outsiders for the debts of the firm. A nominal partner can be of two types: 7. Minor as a partner: A minor is a person who has not completed 18 years of age. A minor cannot become a partner because he is not qualified to enter into a contract. But he may be admitted to the benefits of partnership with the mutual consent of all the partners. On being so admitted, a minor becomes entitled to a share in the profits of the firm. He can inspect and copy the books of account of the firm but he cannot take active part in the firms management. His liability is limited to the extent of his share in the capital and profits of the firm. He cannot file a suit against the firm or its partners to get his share except when he wants to disassociate himself from the firm. After becoming a major, the minor must give a public notice within six months if e wants to break off his connections with the partnership firm. If he does not give such a notice within six months or if he decides to remain in the firm, he becomes liable to an unlimited extent for the debts of the firm from the date he was admitted to the benefits of partnership. He also becomes entitled to take active part in the management of the firms business. 8. Sub partner: He is a third person with whom a partner agrees to share his profits desired from the firm. He does not take part in the management of the firm. He is not liable for the firms debts.

Significance of The Newport Sex Scandal, 1919

Significance of The Newport Sex Scandal, 1919 â€Å"Homosexuality is incompatible with military service† reads the first sentence of the Department of Defence Directive (1332.14)[1]. Exploring this statement through events such as the Newport Sex Scandal of 1919, we can determine whether this idea was plausible or simply a stigmatised generalisation on sexuality. This scandal follows the specific persecution of homosexuals in the Navy, in particular focusing on the Newport naval base. Many found themselves caught up in the controversy, including none other than president-to-be Franklin Delano Roosevelt. What effects did this have on FDR’s future political career and his reputation as a whole? But also, how did the scandal help to concrete or redefine opinions on homosexuality and a homosexuals place in the navy? In 1919, at the naval base located at Newport, â€Å"a sailor with an ear for gossip and a hatred for homosexuals†[2] would spark a scandal surrounding the ill-moral persecution of ‘gays’. Under direct order – and arguably behaving in an agentic rather than autonomous state – naval soldiers would entrap local homosexuals, both within the neighbouring communities and the navy quarters itself. The aim was to engage in sexual gratification, namely by â€Å"accepting oral sex to completion†[3], in order to collect evidence against these men and provide a solid ground for the claim that homosexuality was spreading contagiously in Newport. After just three weeks of following out these orders â€Å"seventeen sailors were charged with sodomy and scandalous behaviour†[4]. However, the results of this ‘private’ and seemingly illegitimate investigation were not expected. Instead of shedding light on the supposed dangers homosexuality placed on the military and local community, the investigation found itself scandalised. The public alongside the media hit back at the investigation, claiming it was morally wrong to force naval soldiers to carry out such acts in this play of entrapment. Though, it seems that the penalties for this soured investigation were of no real weight with many of the players left to fade out of the scandal keeping their reputations intact. One of the main key players, Franklin Delano Roosevelt came under attack as a result of his involvement with the scandal, yet still he went on to become President of the United States. Just what role he played in the scandal is debated. As a result of â€Å"Navy Secretary Josephus Daniel’s absence†[5], Assistant Secretary of the Navy FDR was left to act in Daniel’s place. As a result many believe that it was with FDR’s backing and approval that the investigation made its way to the civilian population, at which point it moved from a â€Å"military matter to a public relations disaster†[6]. Seen as vital to the proceedings of the investigation FDR had â€Å"authorised an independent effort to expose and expel the homosexual†[7]. The word ‘expel’ highlighting that this was an attempt to rid the navy of a group of people seen by officials as alien and unsuited to the military forces. Additionally, it is claimed that FDR had agreed t hat the investigation needed to take place with the â€Å"aim of prosecuting those individuals responsible for the spread of degeneracy†[8]. Again, the word ‘degeneracy’ showing the threat homosexuals are perceived to hold in society, with degeneracy referring to the regression to a lower form of being. FDR continued to assert throughout the investigation that â€Å"he had not known of the tactics used in Newport†[9] claiming that the methods that were used in the investigation â€Å"were nothing he had time or inclination to oversee†[10]. However, despite FDR’s inclination to avoid involvement both the public and Congressional Investigation Committee failed to believe him. John Loughery claims that ‘few people believed [FDR] when the entrapment scandal broke’[11]. The report into the scandal claimed that FDR â€Å"must have realized that †¦ [navy] men had allowed lewd and immoral acts to be performed upon them†[12]. However, the scandal was not kept quiet by the Committee. Instead it had â€Å"blazed in headlines across America†[13] bringing FDR and other â€Å"prominent civilians, such as the Reverend Samuel Neal Kent†[14] to the public’s attention. Though the details of the scandal were often to crude and lurid to print – for example the New York Times stated â€Å"details unprintable†[15] regarding one case study – the media fire surrounding the scandal still blazed on a national scale. The Providence Journal was a prime text that helped to feed the fire with publisher John Rathom doing his best to â€Å"inflame public opinion†[16] in a paper that was already hugely â€Å"antagonistic to Secretary Daniels and the Wilson administration†.[17] Rathom would continue to attack FDR during his early political career. Yet, despite the width of coverage and the depth of criticism of the scandal and those involved, it seems that FDR got off with n othing more severe than a slap of the wrist. The Congressional Investigation Committee resulted in Daniels and FDR being rebuked, ‘sharply’ criticised for their behaviour. This was neither here nor there for FDR who had left his naval post in â€Å"July 1920 [†¦] accepting the Democratic Party’s nomination for vice-president†[18]. Despite FDR’s physical removal from the navy, the scandal was still criticised with the New York Times headline of July 1921 (a year after FDR left his post) reading ‘Charges of Immorally Employing Men’[19]. Note that the sympathy here is for the soldiers who had to suffer the ‘immoral acts’ as opposed to the treatment and entrapment of homosexuals. This lack of sympathy for the homosexual could be a result of many factors. At the time of the Newport sex scandal any physical relationship or act between men was considered a crime with the â€Å"perpetrators considered criminal perverts†[20]. Despite there not being any specific legislation or regulations in place at the time, this did not â€Å"prevent the U.S military from policing sexual conduct†[21]. In fact, perhaps the Newport Sex Scandal of 1919 holds significance due to it being one of the first â€Å"systematic attempts to purge†[22] homosexuals in the military. However, the term ‘homosexual’ was not in general use during this time, the term itself had only come into being in the late nineteenth century amongst the psychiatric profession. More colloquial terms were used away from the professionalism of the psychiatric institutions. Instead, during the scandal we see words like â€Å"cocksuckers and rectum receivers†[23] displaying both the lack of use of the term homosexual, and also the hatred felt for this group of people. The sense of hatred towards homosexuals can be seen in terms of everyday life and also in the wider context of the war. â€Å"Homosexuals had always served in the armed forces†[24] but the problem came when their sexuality was brought to light. Newport had a â€Å"notorious homosexual population†[25] in 1919, with these overtly flamboyant resident sailors calling themselves â€Å"the Ladies of Newport†[26]. Often wearing ladies clothing and calling themselves by women’s names, these men and their alter-ego’s seemed threatening with locals feeling â€Å"in danger of being morally corrupted†[27]. In a wider context, homosexuals seemed to pose a threat not just to locals but to the community at large. It seemed that a â€Å"non-procreative population was in the very process of appearing during the war: [as] homosexuals were entering the public discourse†[28]. Both locally and nationally homosexuality was become a symbol for degeneracy in several spheres. Homosexuality found itself to be central in a Venn diagram consisting of society, psychiatry, the military and even the law in terms of its relationship with degeneracy. Therefore due to their status homosexuals involved in the scandal suffered a much heavier fate then their entrappers. The majority of homosexuals that were caught as a result of the scandal were imprisoned, however it appears that all those entrapped were released and â€Å"allowed to resume their civilian lives†[29] by the 1920’s. Yet their punishment did not stop there, the entrapped found themselves casted out of their society and were left to find their way to a new life bound to the stigmatised label of ‘homosexual’. It is clear the â€Å"the source of outrage against the operation was that good sailors were being force to commit immoral acts [†¦] and were made ‘perverts by official order’†[30], the fate of the homosexual posed no real conce rn. The scandal poses a wider significance due its association with World War I, or as it was then known ‘The Great War’. It is almost inevitable to look at The Newport Sex Scandal in isolation while it sits so close to the end of the War, in fact it was only a few months after signing the armistice that FDR found himself in an embarrassing position over Newport. There seemed to be a â€Å"desire in the years immediately after World War I to excise from American society elements seen as unhealthy or impure†[31] such as the influence of homosexuals in both the navy and society. The Newport Sex Scandal reflects this desire in its illegitimate proceedings and moral negligence, this idea of ‘whatever it takes’. For many U.S citizens and exemplaries, World War I had â€Å"promised to do more [†¦] their hope was that national virility would be reaffirmed and domestic uncertainties put to rest†[32]. Yet, it seemed that the war didn’t offer the se condolences to the American nation. Instead it heightened the distinction between groups of society and pressed for harsher procedures and legislation against those that were deemed outsiders. Of course, this segregation and categorisation was emphasised further still by the growing influence of the psychiatric profession at the time which had seen itself move from the arts to the sciences at the beginning of the twentieth century. However, this act of persecution against specific groups in society was not native to Newport. The Newport Scandal was joined by an increase in other radical groups and ideas of the time. It appeared that the post-war era saw â€Å"heightened anti-Catholicism, the revitalization of the Ku Klux Klan, and, not coincidentally, increased lynching and demands to limit immigration†[33]. More specifically, an earlier scandal in 1912 at Portland had seen prominent citizens arrested due to involvement â€Å"in a sex ring at the local YMCA†[34]. The American nation was following ideas of natural selection and degeneracy into a world of stigmatisation, seclusion and discrimination. The Newport Sex Scandal of 1919 was just one small scale aspect of this new world, and the almost dismissal (with regards to lack of punishment) of the authorities involvement shows just how easy it was to get away with such persecutions. The Newport Sex Scandal of 1919 seemed to only hold short-term significance for FDR himself, with the report only being made public after the 1920 election in which he found himself elected vice-president. During this campaign Rathom (publisher of the Providence Journal) continued to â€Å"accuse Roosevelt of mishandling allegations of sex crimes in the navy†[35]. The scandal did not seem to damage FDR’s reputation extensively, though at the time he â€Å"came to be held responsible for the very thing he had sought to prevent: the homosexualisation of the U.S Navy†[36]. While the scandal continued to unfold during FDR’s early political career he won in the long run, capturing the Presidency thirteen years later in 1932. Throughout his time as President of the U.S he held â€Å"relatively stable approval ratings†[37] hovering around the 50-60% mark and winning four elections in succession for his party. He would find himself â€Å"remembered among t he most influential Americans†[38]. But, FDR’s success came partly as a result of the manipulation of the military system by which the officers were protected and their reputations kept in-tact. It can be argued that â€Å"never was adequate punishment meted out to those who perpetrated the campaign†[39] as all those who held authority in the scandal including FDR – had their involvement played down. Perhaps, then, the long-term significance of this scandal can be found in its place in the history of homosexuality. As a result of the reports surrounding the investigation into the Newport Sex Scandal, â€Å"many learned for the first time of a homosexual community in America†[40]. It seemed that the scandal was one of the first to unfold the real extent and reach of the homosexual community. It seemed that â€Å"almost nothing was known about gay life in America before Newport†[41]. At the beginning of the century it seemed that the assumptions made about gay life in America had been â€Å"governed by the concept of the ‘closet’ and related notions of invisibility†[42]. But how were these assumptions changed by the Newport Scandal? As a result of events such as The Newport Scandal in context with the War, homosexuality came to be seen as a â€Å"model for decitizenship†[43]. The Newport Sex Scandal of 1919 was – as Lawrence Murphy claims â€Å"the most extensive systematic persecution of gays in American History†[44]. However this persecution of gays had been occurring since the Revolutionary War with homosexuality being â€Å"grounds for exclusion and discharge from the U.S Military†[45] right up until the ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ policies were introduced. But, what makes the Newport Scandal so important is the publicity it held on a national scale. The richness of the scandals documentation has also proven significant in the â€Å"understanding and development of sexual identity, the course of homophobia and the urgent mainstream wish to ignore gay presence in American society†[46]. The scandal also holds significance in its contribution to legisla tion surrounding the homosexual. While it wasn’t until World War II that specific legislation was introduced, after this we see the emergence of lesbian and gay movements in which â€Å"military policy became the subject of both protest and legal change†[47]. However, despite its contribution to the development of the homosexual â€Å"the Newport Scandal, [remains] largely forgotten†[48]. Minus the occasional play such as David Foleys 2012 production ‘A Hole in the Fence’[49], which is surprisingly a comedy based on the Newport Sex Scandal, it seemed that the media coverage and interest faded rather quickly. By the time FDR reached his presidency in 1932 it seemed that the â€Å"Newport men and their sexually active entrappers, including Roosevelt’s part in the affair were ancient history.†[50] FDR walked out of the scandal seemingly un-tarnished and would go on to become more popular than ever before in the public eye. Bibliography Primary Sources Gallup Poll, ‘Franklin D. Roosevelt Approval Ratings’, [accessed 7 December 2013] http://www.gallup.com/poll/8608/reflections-presidential-job-approval-reelection-odds.aspx David Foley Plays, ‘A Hole in the Fence, [accessed 10 December 2014 ] http://davidfoleyplays.com/fence Books John Brennan, Ghosts of Newport: Spirits, Scoundrels, Legends and Lore, (Charleston: The History Press, 2007). Andy Hughes, A History of Political Scandals: Sex, Sleaze and Spin, (Britain: Pen Sword Books LTD, 2013). Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2008). John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, (New York: Henry Holt and Company Inc., 1998). Lawrence R. Murphy, Perverts by official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy, (New York: Haworth Press, 1988). Articles Tarak Barkawi, Christopher Dandeker, Melissa Wells-Pentry and Elizabeth Kier, ‘Rights and Fights: Sexual Orientation and Military Effectiveness’, International Security, Vol.24 (The MIT Press, 1999). Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, American Quarterly VOl.44, (U.S, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992). Lawrence R. Murphy, ‘Cleaning up Newport: The U.S Navy’s persecution of Homosexuals After World War I ‘, (Journal of American Culture, Vol.7, Issue 3, 1984). Websites Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’, January 2008, [accessed 7 December 2014]. http://web.archive.org/web/20080122100424/http://www.projo.com/news/content/gay_history_newport_sidebar_01-20-08_HH7RMQV_v42.1676c8f.html [1] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2008), p. 301. [2] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’, January 2008, [accessed 7 December 2014]. http://web.archive.org/web/20080122100424/http://www.projo.com/news/content/gay_history_newport_sidebar_01-20-08_HH7RMQV_v42.1676c8f.html [3] Ibid. [4] Andy Hughes, A History of Political Scandals: Sex, Sleaze and Spin, (Britain: Pen Sword Books LTD, 2013), p.71. [5] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, (New York: Henry Holt and Company Inc., 1998), p. 7. [6] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [7] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, American Quarterly VOl.44, (U.S, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), p. 32. [8] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 7. [9] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [10] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 7. [11] Ibid, p. 7. [12] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, The Providence Journal , ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [13] Ibid. [14] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p. 300. [15] John Brennan, Ghosts of Newport: Spirits, Scoundrels, Legends and Lore, (Charleston: The History Press, 2007), p. 106. [16] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 11. [17] Ibid, p. 11. [18] Andy Hughes, A History of Political Scandals: Sex, Sleaze and Spin, p. 71. [19] Ibid, p. 71. [20] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [21] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p. 300. [22] Ibid, p. 300. [23] Lawrence R. Murphy, Perverts by official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy, (New York: Haworth Press, 1988), p. 25. [24] Tarak Barkawi, Christopher Dandeker, Melissa Wells-Pentry and Elizabeth Kier, ‘Rights and Fights: Sexual Orientation and Military Effectiveness’, International Security, Vol.24 (The MIT Press, 1999), p. 181. [25] John Brennan, Ghosts of Newport: Spirits, Scoundrels, Legends and Lore, p. 106. [26] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 5. [27] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p. 300. [28] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p.31. [29] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 13. [30] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p.32. [31] Lawrence R. Murphy, ‘Cleaning up Newport: The U.S Navy’s persecution of Homosexuals After World War I ‘, (Journal of American Culture, Vol.7, Issue 3, 1984) p.57. [32] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 4. [33] Lawrence R. Murphy, ‘Cleaning up Newport: The U.S Navy’s persecution of Homosexuals After World War I, p.57. [34] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 5. [35] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [36] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p.33. [37] Gallup Poll, ‘Franklin D. Roosevelt Approval Ratings’, [accessed 7 December 2013] http://www.gallup.com/poll/8608/reflections-presidential-job-approval-reelection-odds.aspx [38] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [39] Lawrence R. Murphy, Perverts by official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy, p. 2. [40] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p.33. [41] Lawrence R. Murphy, Perverts by official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy, p. 284. [42] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p.14. [43] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p. 32. [44] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p. 32. [45] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p.299. [46] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p.3. [47] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p.299. [48] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [49] David Foley Plays, ‘A Hole in the Fence, [accessed 10 December 2014 ] http://davidfoleyplays.com/fence [50] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 12.

How does William Wordsworths poetry fit into the literary tradition Es

How does William Wordsworth's poetry fit into the literary tradition of Romanticism? Q. How does William Wordsworth's poetry fit into the literary tradition of Romanticism? A. Romantic poetry was an artistic movement of the late 18th and early 19th century. It dealt with nature, human imagination, childhood and the ability to recall emotional memories of both happiness and sadness. Before Wordsworth began writing his revolutionary new style of poetry, all preceding poetry had a very different style. The reason these poems were classed as revolutionary was because he believed that romantic poetry should describe "incidents of common life" and ordinary people and were written in deliberately plain words. It was what Wordsworth called "The real language of men". Before this style of writing, all poems were about important things and people. They were written about Kings, Queens and Gods. All poems were of a formal nature and of epic proportions. Before Wordsworth, poets didn't believe that "common people" were good enough to have a poem written about them. We see Wordsworth's Romantic style and the inclusion of memories, imagination, human feelings and ordinary people. One such poem is "The Reverie of Poor Susan". In this poem, we are told of Susan who is a woman from the country who is living and working in the city. As she passes by a bird singing in a cage, she seems to be saddened. Wordsworth wonders why this is, as he says the bird's song is very beautiful " Tis a note of enchantment. What ails her?" We then see that the reason for this is that Susan is very homesick and longs to be back in the country. She imagines the streets of London turning into hills and green pastures. She also... ...p between me and the stars" "with trembling oars I turned" This shows human emotion and how easily the power of your imagination can work against you. It shows how scared you can actually make yourself. Wordsworth then goes on to say how he didn't return to normal for days after and if he still remembered it by the time he wrote this, it must have been very emotional and traumatic for him. "There hung a darkness remained no pleasant image and were a trouble to my dreams" In conclusion, the reason Wordsworth's poetry fits into the literary tradition of Romantic Poetry is that he complies with and uses all aspects of Romanticism in his poetry. He believed what he wrote was important and he had a great love for nature, which is why I think his poetry was so powerful. He was a revolutionary and new poet who could reach out to the ordinary people.

Philosophy - The Dialectical Method :: miscellaneous

Philosophy - The Dialectical Method There are a lot many descriptions for the word dialectic. By viewing all of them what I have ended up concluding in the given context, i.e. Socrates’ Dialectical Method, is that: Dialectic is a variety of languages, conceivably a sort of a composition of the languages in this variety. The word comes from Ancient Greek dialektos, which is derived from dialegesthai, meaning to discourse, converse, and talk. By this root of the word, in this context, I deduce that Dialectics is a method in which people from different walks of life, contained by different personal philosophies (languages) are set together to discuss on a single word, sentence, thought, topic etc. explaining their personal views supported by logical reasons defending their argument. This discussion is meant to have all the possible view points on that particular subject with in a group of people and finally to deduce a definition for the subject which is acceptable by all the individuals involved. The ultimate goal for having Dialectic seems to search for the real the truth. Socratic Dialectical Method Well for this I think first we should know what nature Socrates had, it will help us knowing the uniqueness of Socrates’ method. Socrates was a man of the Periclean age, which witnessed one of the periodic â€Å"bankruptcies of science.† Cosmological speculation, which had been boldly pursued from the beginning of the 6th century, seemed to have led to a chaos of conflicting systems of thought. People had turned away from pursue of science and concentrated themselves not with truth but with making a successful human life. In this time of chaos and individualism, Socrates was the most realistic person in sight. He was always searching for more than the meanings of things already had. He wanted proof of what was defined, proof which would give logical reasons for it self. He was ‘an inquirer’, unsatisfied and still looking for truth. Unlike others he was not self-centered, always ready to be corrected. His nature of being broad minded reflected his way of teaching people, which actually seems to be learning by them. This is the beauty of his method, called as The Socratic Dialectical Method. Procedure Socrates did not call people towards him self, he went out towards them and asked them their views instead of lecturing and forcing his thoughts on them. It was a dialogue form discussion, where individuals brought up their view points on a particular subject set by Socrates.

Essay --

Junk Food Should Be Banned At All Outlets In The UAE More than 72 McDonald's restaurants in the United Arab Emirates itself, and over 29 KFCs, only goes to reflect the popularity of junk food all over the world. Food that is prepared and served quickly is termed as 'fast food'. Such type of food suits perfectly into the fast paced life of a working individual. There is nothing more than ready-made food that a hard-working professional living in the city away from family could ask for. However, those who are against junk food highlight the adverse effect that it has on our health. Despite all the debate about the advantages and disadvantages of fast food, the industry is flourishing. Is junk food good or bad? The most evident advantage of junk food is that it saves time, taste good, cheap, and you can eat it in few minutes, there is no need to wash dishes because it's comes with plastics or paper food, also you can eat them anywhere and even standing. There is nothing better than getting a ready meal. No matter how much the chefs praise the benefits of fresh food, at the end of a hard-working day, when one returns home all tired and hungry, a pizza or a burger can be enough to stop his hunger. Besides the time an individual has to spend in the kitchen, cooking a meal also requires one to make a trip to the supermarket to buy the ingredients for the dish. Then there is the added effort and time consumed in washing and peeling the vegetables. All this makes eating fast food score more preferably over cooking a meal for a busy individual. Besides time, cost saving gives fast food an edge over the meal prepared in the kitchen. If one lives alone, then it is cheaper to buy a meal at the supermarket instead of cooking it at home. Also c... ...re their experiences. However, the junk food centers are quickly eating into this quality time. This is especially true about youngsters for whom a junk food center is a good place to hang out with friends. Finally, in my opinion junk food must be banned in all outlets in the UAE, because junk food is not good at all as I wrote above, it makes people rely on the ready male and their health will be weak and also will increase their risk of being obese as their body will use the desired number of calories. In addition the women will forget how to cook and this will affect their relationship with their husbands and their children, this is a reason of divorce for the negligence of the wife. References:- †¢ http://www.albayan.ae/economy/1265974470599-2010-03-02-1.224419 †¢ http://healthmeup.com/photogallery-healthy-living/reasons-why-fast-food-is-bad-for-health/16239

Kindred Spirits Hotel †Case study Essay

Identify and Define the Problem: Before Greta became the owner of the Kindred Spirits Hotel, there had always been a comfortable, family atmosphere, but this was turned upside down by her presence. She was cold and uncommunicative. She would yell at the employees and reprimand them in front of employees and guests. She also insisted not working the breakfast shift. This was hard on the staff because major decisions needed to be made at that time and Greta was unavailable. As well, she fired three workers to cut costs. However, the work needing to be done did not decrease, she just expected everyone to do more. This made it difficult to feed guests breakfast, check out guests, and clean the rooms before new guests arrived. Most days, new guests had to wait for their rooms. Sometimes, they left and went to other hotels. Revenues were down 18% over last year at this time and profits had decreased 25%. Greta immediately cancelled all bonuses and cut back on the benefits offered to employees. The problem is that Greta’s attitude, work ethic & style have tarnished the hotel’s reputation and operation. As a result, the workers’ morale has been diminished to an all-time low. Generate and Evaluate Possible Solutions: Greta has to do a self-reflection and adapt to the environment to which the rest of the employees have become accustomed. She needs to treat the staff with respect and to stop yelling at them. In addition, Greta needs to become more of a team player. She needs to lose the attitude that she is superior because she is the boss and pitch in and help herself. She needs to be available particularly in the morning, as that is when decisions are made and it is the busiest and most critical part of the day. Greta may also consider hiring back those employees she released, in an effort to get the work done, thus better servicing the guests. This would also improve staff morale. If she were to admit she made a mistake and were to apologize for her behaviour, she might win back some of the employees’ respect and improve morale. There is a cost to hiring back the employees, but this additional cost should be offset by an increase in bookings due to improved service. The hotel was profitable when the staff was all employed there working for the previous owner. What needs to be changed is her treatment of the staff. She should hold a meeting with the staff to explain the changes and her actions, outlining that things will be better in the future. You might say, â€Å"How fast will the benefits occur and will a positive impact be achieved?† Most of these alternatives will take effect right away, but in order to increase the revenue and profit we are looking at long-term goals. The staff should support these entire solutions listed above because no matter how you look at it, Greta has to give back to the hotel. All of these alternatives will rekindle the staff’s morale, giving them the boost they need to do a hard day’s work. The hotel will prosper once again. If Greta can’t adapt then she should sell the business to someone who can make the business a more profitable one. She might also consider promoting Greg to manage the hotel and delegate total authority to him, removing herself from the operations. The staff respect Greg and have worked well with him in the past. Greg has had plenty of experience having these priorities before – in the last two years the previous owner had left much of the management decisions up to him. This would re-motivate the staff. Choose a solution In order to successfully address the problems herself, Greta needs to recognize that she herself is the problem. She also needs to be able to modify her behaviour and attitude. If she cannot do this, a successful implementation is not possible. Problem #2 Identify and Define the Problem: The second problem is parking. The city of Stratford had had complaints from neighbours about this. The hotel only had11 parking spaces and the overflow parked on the street. The town council was debating cancelling overnight parking on the street. This would have a dramatic impact on the hotel. In two weeks there would be a council meeting and Greg suggested he attend in Greta’s place but she screamed at him saying that she was in charge and how dare he try to undermine her authority. Greg had enough. He threatened to quit and walked out of the hotel. Generate and Evaluate Possible Solutions: Greta has to resolve her issues with Greg foremost and apologize for making those remarks. Greg is well respected by the staff and has been working in this business for fifteen years, so he should have her respect too. Since Greta couldn’t make any progress with the city council and has alienated them with her remarks, she should give Greg a shot and let him speak, or discuss his ideas beforehand so she can present his views at the meeting. If Greg walks out on her, other employees might follow. It is very important that she does not lose Greg, who is a valuable asset to the hotel and her business, else her problems may escalate. Greta could call a meeting with the staff and brainstorm together. 11 spaces are not enough for their guests to park. If they are unsuccessful with city council, they could expand their capacity by renting more property, build an underground garage or designate an area for parking. One spot per employee, one spot per guest. If an indoor garage were to be built, additional expenses would be incurred. The hotel might approach the city to help cover these additional costs. To earn money back, a fee should be charged for the use of the garage. Choose a Solution The easiest and most economical solution is for city council to grant parking on the street. The best chances for this happening would be if Greg were to present the hotel’s case at the council meeting. Greta should recommend that Greg attend. If this fails, the hotel should negotiate to pay for additional parking, where the costs are passed on to the hotel guests using the parking facilities.

Business Plan: Paper Recycle & Reuse

Business Plan: Paper Recycle & Reuse 1. Introduction a. The name of my business is â€Å"All Papers†. b. The business is about recycle and reuse paper 2. Business Description a. The company will collect the second hand paper, cardboard box and textbooks then turns into pencil, gift box and white papers. b. Paper is one of the most common daily use, recycle paper will have a low cost to get the processed materials and low risk. c. The main goal for this business is to reduce the paper waste, and protect trees. 3. Sale and Marketing a. Students in school, and young group of people is our target market. . We will sell the recycle pencils, gift boxes and clean A4 papers in every stationary store like Staples gift shops and school shops. 4. Conclusion and Summary a. The most important aspects for this plan is â€Å"Recycle†, the technics to recycle the products are the key point for this business, as Szaky said, â€Å"We’re on the edge of bankruptcy and of being a hu ge success at the same time† so the procedure for recycle can not cause any kind of pollution, if we recycle papers, and we create pollutions, no one will no longer trust us that we are an environmentally friendly company.However Furthermore, all the products are using the recycle materiel, so the price in the stationary store will have more competitive power compare with other new product. Thus, I believe this investment will win in the market competition. www. starkstate. edu

The Minutemen and Their World

Robert A. Gross in his book, â€Å"The Minutemen and Their World†, takes a nearer look at the American Revolution by investigating the lives of the people that exist in Concord, Massachusetts. By exploring and understanding court records, diaries, colony records, families’ trees, and private papers the writer begins to illustrate a civilization prior, during, and subsequent to the American Revolution.He in addition succeeds in producing an excellent written chronological text that is simple to read, understand, and enjoy. It can be thought that Gross achieves this by providing the reader an enhanced sense of the living of a person in the period of the American Revolution. As well, the writer provides the true information that not only were the people of Concord experiencing a Revolution to battle for their autonomy, but they were furthermore undergoing economic, social, agricultural, and religious revolutions.Prior to the Revolution, Concordians were living in their own world, symbolically and accurately speaking. The social order of Concord was well developed and controlled issues domestically. These problems hampered with the daily social and economic environment. For instance, relationships between parents and their children were deteriorating. Also, the soil was being used up for the reason of excessive farming which led to the problem of too man sons and not enough land to be divided up between them.The generation gap between social classes was also broadening and political offices were held by a privileged few which were passed down almost as an inheritance through families. These domestic problems were temporarily put on hold with the appearance of the characteristic of a Revolution. The harmony necessary to conquer the reliance by the British Crown was much more significant to the people of Concord than their somewhat small problems and bickering. The most important feature behind the people's determination to stay free was that they desir ed to preserve and defend their traditional life, on the other hand by combating to protect that life, Gross would point out that the Concordians in consequence opened themselves to change.The mainly convincing argument Gross makes reveals the loss of patriarchal control in Concord, and apparently across the colonies. He portrays the manners sons rely on fathers for land, and daughters depend on fathers for dowries. As the financial environment changes, dowries are condensed, local fruitful land turn out to be limited and mature children have enticements to leave the relatives to trail the frontier. This outlays the father his basis of labor and outlays the children the resource of heritage and constancy.The changes the Revolution had on the people of Concord were the building blocks of the democratic society as one recognizes it today. By joining together to depose the crown the people of Concord defeat the â€Å"barriers of residence and wealth†(61). Men in all positions of the society desired to defend their freedom, consequently after the Revolution the severe rules relating to the elitist model of government in Concord seldom existed.Gross points out that after the Revolution the â€Å"newly elected delegate† was sent a â€Å"strict set of rigid rules† for him to follow â€Å"in court†(163). With new prominence placed on the people and their rights, politics was hardly ever about religious status any longer but more about equal representation. Also, after the revolution, Gross indicate that by 1790 there are no slaves in Massachusetts. With the Concordians fighting for their autonomy in the Revolution, it would be archetypal for the Concordians to see enslavement of any persons as hypocritical; when that is the very thing they were fighting against.Agriculture also was alleviating by restructuring and intensive farming. This resulted in a better-off social life and landscape. In general, the competition between generations was declined and sons continued with their families instead of moving away. All things considered, a better-off economic and social approach developed the people of Concord after the Revolution, though not right away.Robert Gross carried out a marvelous quantity of research to uncover information about persons whose names and achievements have long since been elapsed by the world, but he enlightens their tale so systematically that he permits the reader to overlook what a demanding assignment he took upon himself. With the closer look at Concord, Gross means to symbolize Concord as a representation of an ordinary colonial settlement during the Revolution. The characters in the book provide the reader logic of why the people in this town opted to rebellion. By representing the people of Concord and their causes to battle, Gross efficiently signifies all of the colonies that battled in the Revolution; as Gross describes the Concord fight as a happening in a wider war.The Minutemen and The ir World was ground-breaking in personalizing a Revolution. The author prolonged past proceedings and statistics into a persuasive account of people both normal and great. The points of view are concrete due to the heavy quantitative research. Works CitedGross A. Robert, (April 30, 2001), The Minutemen and Their World, Hill and Wang; 25th Ann edition, IS